Gas engine



, 1,641,105 Aug- 30 .1927' B. c. sTlcKNEY GAS ENGINE Filed Deo. 27, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 A 19 1641105 ug 30 27 B. c. sTlcKNl-:Y

l GAS ENGINE Filedvec. 27, 1924 4 sheets-sheet s f Fila- 5. E19-7 INVENTOR Y @MM/@y Agg. so, 1927, 1,641,105

l B. c. STICKNEY l GAS ENGINE Filed Dec. 27, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ffm un@ 48H '72 n mw Patented Aug. 30, 1927.

unirse stares 'PATENT orrice.

GAS ENGINE. l

Application led December 27, 1924. Serial No. 758,344.

This invention relates to rotary valves for internal combustion and other engines.

The valve is preferably in the form of a cylindrical hollow-walled revolving ported shell. Its porting may include exhaust ports constituting orifices on opposite sides, each extendingentirely through the Wall of the shell, and may also include an intake port which is in a different zone from the exhaust ports and which, admits mixed air and fuel into the chamber or hollow within the valve. Said valve portino" may alsoiinclude inlet ports in the interior of the two valve walls, for admitting the charge to the engine cylinder.` |The charge circulates between the inner and outer walls of the valve and becomes heated, incidentally coolingY the valve; the advantage being also gained of taking the charge into lthe chamber at one elevation or in one Zone, anddischarging it into the engine at another elevation or zone. A further advantage gained is that the valve ports, through which the charge'passes into" the engine, may be in the same Zone as the exhaust ports, but spaced therefrom circumferentially of the valve, thereby-utilizing the same valve-seat ports forboth intake and exhaust.

The present invention secures the forego ing advantages and the further advantage that the valve may be revolved once for but two revolutions vof the engine-crankshaft, whereby sufficient. speed of valve opening and closing is secured, since. the speed of revolution is comparatively high. rlhis result is gained in a novel organization whereinthe pressure of gas is balanced upon the revolving valve, while the exhaust ports open only once in each revolution, the saine being also true of the inlet ports. For pressure-balancing purposes the ports in the valve seat (which is in the nature of a stationary cylinder over which the valve telescopes crforins a sleeve) are placed upon opposite sides of the cylinder; yet the exhaust is opened only oncel in each revolution.l

The saine is true of the inlet. Tothis end, theexhaust ports are set different-ly at opposite sides of the valve seat.' In one form of the invention, one side of the valve seat has a full-sizedport, while the other side thereof has two half-sized ports, and the latter are placed in dilferenvt'czones, or at different elevations, as compared with said full-sized port. vWith this arrangement corresponds the porting of the rotary valve, the same having at one side a full-sizedexhaust port, and on the other side upperk and lowerhalfsized exhaust ports. Y The half-sized or fractional ports are placed one above and one below the Zone of the full-sized port. It results that at one point in the revolutionof the valve, its exhaust ports all register' with thefrespective ports of the internal valve seat, sc that gases may be discharged, from the engine. When, however, the valve makes a half revolution, none `of its exhaust ports come into register with the ports Vin the valve seat, whichV therefore remain closed or out of use. But re-registration and co-operation of the valve occur atthe 'completion of an entire revolution. Hence the exhaust ports are opened, yor usedionce in everytwo revolutions of the engine-crank-shaft. This secures quick opening and closing of the pci-ts, and secures balancing of gas-pressure on the valve. The valve capacity on one side may be the same las that on theother side of the valve seat. y The invention is not limited to the particular arrangement of fractional seat valve or chest ports illustrated.

Likewise the inlet ports in the inner of the two walls of the hollow valve are opposed,

and ccinprise a large inlet port on one side and upper and lower half-sized inlet kports on the other side, to co-operate with the seat ports and the chest ports. These inlet'ports follow the exhaust ports as said valverotates, and the charge flows in through the saine seat ports that areiused for the exhaust. lWith a full-sized intake port on one side and upper and lower half-sized intake ports on the other side, intake:communication with the engine cylinder is established only oncel in each revolution of the valve. It is believed to be novel to oppose ports in different zones for the double purpose of securing balanced gasepressure and alsoV Ycausing the valve ports alternately tov register and disaccord with theV seatports, preferably once in each revolution or in two revolutions of the crank shaft. A single one-piece hollowwalled valve constitutes the sole rotating part, and may be suitably driven by means Y the opposite side.

revolution from the Figure i seat and chest, is provided n one side with 'being opposite to the port 36; while the seat is vprovided with halfr ports 43, 44 registering with 41 and 42, respectively, and corresponding with upper and lower half ports 45, 46 in the valve. Each half port has the same width as a full port, as seen in'plan at Figures 2and 9; while its vertical' dimension is oniy hair that or the lull port. Since the half ports areV opposed to the full ports, the gas-pressure upon the revolving valve, when the sorts 3i', 44 are closed, is balanced; and to avoid liability of faulty distributionof pressure, theV full port is prefer'- yably placed at an elevation midway between the'half ports, as at Figure l.

AtFigures l and 2 are shown the'exhaust ports fully open; but it will b-e understood that whenv the v valve hascompleted a half of 1 position, the valve port 40 will be at the right-handv side at'v Figure l, and will be closed by middle portions of the chest and seat walls, while the valveports` and 46 (which will then be on the left-handside) willv be closed by upper and lower portions of the chest andy seatwalls. Hence port 40 remains closed until it again reaches the ports 36, 37, while the ports 45 and 46 remainclosed until they again reach the ports 43, 4l, 44, 42.l Hence there is an opening of the stationary exhaust ports only once in each revolution of the valve, which carries a driving gear 47l meshing with a! worin 48, there being as many worms as there are valves, and the worms being carried upon a drive-shaft 49 having a sprocket-wheel 5() anda one-to-one chain lconnection 5l to the crank-shaft of the engine. Thus rapidity'of opening and closing of the ports is secured by means-of rapid revolution of the valve, kwhose ports open only once in each revolution, ingl that the seat ports are placed on oppo- 'site' sides for pressure-balancing. The prob lem of balancing the pressure by vmeans of opposing ponts and Yat the saine time securing 'rapid action, is solved by opening the opposed ports only once in each revolution ofthe valve, this .being accomplished by dividing one of the' opposing ports'into fractions vand placingl the fractions above and below the opposite port. 'n this way the revolving "valve ports match the stationary ports only once in each r evolu`tion. Each valve port i'irst opensa seat port at one side,

and then ships orjpasses byV the seat port atV y Valve port 40 (3o-operates witli'stationary ports 36 and 37 at one side of i7 the device, butnot lwith ports 41-44 at the notwithstai'id-l g opposite side. Valve ports 45, 46 co-operyate with 41-44, but not with 36, 37.

The advantage is also present of using small ports, permitting the use of small diameters of the seat and chest, with 'corresponding: reduction of oost in manufacture and ease ofoperation and reduction of wear. .The internal diameter of the cylindrical main gas passage or'explosion cham@ head and at each chest has an inlet 13ort`54 these ports being all above the region `or level of the exhaust ports. exhaust ports, the rotary valve has a single inlet port in its outer wail only, which comes into register with the port 54 only once in each revolution of the valve, and admits mixed air and fuel 'into theV annular chamber 56 of 'the hollow-walled valve, where, by cooling the valve, it becomes heuted on its way to the engine cylinder. This is the only inlet port inthe outer wall of the valve, and may be of somewhat less area or capacity than the gas passage 52. rhe inner wall 3l of the valve has on one side a full-sized inlet port 57, followingthe eX- haust port 40 as the valve turns to the right, and Vhas upon the opposite side upper and lower inlet half ports 5S, 59 in the saine Zones with the exhaust half ports 45, 46 and directly following the same. The hub 59n of the gear is fastened upon a hub portion 591 of the valve. rEhus the bearing of the valve is of relatively small' diameter at the point of application' of power thereto; said hub 59b having a bearing upon a neck or boss 59c at the top of the seat 32. f i

In the drawings the inletports begin t0 open as soon as the exhaust ports close,and

the valve ports are shown -as of equal extent in plan, each being diagrammatically shown as extending 45 degrees; but it will be under stood thatA the timing may be modiiiedaccording to any desired practice, without departing from the invention, as by enlarging the exhaust ports and diminishing the inlet ports and by providing for lead and lag. It will be understood that when the valve is advanced a quarterA of a revolution from the position at Figure 2, its exhaust'ports 40, 46V will be closed, the saine being` then confined between the unported portions of the seatY and ehest;-while thevinlet port 5'? will be in register Vwith the full-sized port 37 in Vthe seat', and in communication with the internal gas passage or explosion chamber* Likewise above its 5G. At l'he seine Alinie the upper und lower 'lrzu'l'ionul porre ell, l2 iu the chest :1re elosed by mid outer hollow well 2l() oi (alle nire. llt this linie the uppermost` iutuhe ports Jl, 55 :ire open, lhr ugh which lihe engine pifslon drums u lresh ehurg'e iulo lhe annuler rhumber 5F, Vwhile dir-winglhe pre 'iouely heeled eliurg'e oul of uid ehuniber l'ln'oue'h the hull poi-ls 5th 59 in libe inner wulls lhereo'l', und through lhe eenlirul pusfiugre iul'o the engine rzyliuder.

llt will be seen lhut lhe erruugeineul: el the ilull inlulie porti 5'? und lhe upper und lower hullE inule purl#y 5S, 59 is udupl'ed lo niuleh lhe arrangement of the seul; ports 3T, slll und all., resqfieelirely, wllereblrv l'he mire iuluhe ports :ire opeu onliv onee in eueh revo lullen lhereol, in u lhsil: will be ululerul'ood jl'roin lhe 'loregrolng expluuution ol" he opening oli lhe 'ulre exhaust porte 415, lll only ouee iu eurh rerolulion heroolf. There il: ullernuliion ol opening und eliipphigi` oil ille seuil porls by l'lie rulre portie, eo their he opening' of any port oreure onlyP once iu u rerolul'ion, notwithuluiuling* ille, Forli lli-uil i'he Heut is; porl'ed on bolli sides. l'lfeuee uit eueh rerolul'ion olE lhe ruli'o there is; lirsl efrhuuel: olI lhe used. ehurge :from the enge-luer und [hen hilel` ol" :i heui'ed fresh ehurleje from lhe annuler ehzuuher or reeerroir il during); lille opening olf *die inlet portel uit :i quurlior ol u revolution of the vulve` und lhen eempresuiou will] :ill porre eleeedf during lhe next quurler revolution olE he, mlre, und liuullyV exploeion with :all pori@ elosel during` the linzil ouurler o lf (he reroluliou oli l'he iulre, eouipleing he ryele.

Au urhl'unliugfe oli' eer'liuin of -he present improvements ariete@ from niulringr und grinding @sieh Seel: :llepuruijely 'lfroui lhe eu- `eine houd und reeuringg und ruuflzing lhe Ruine lhereiiu while iumidiup; lor exuelnees ol loeelziou lhereol und. elowe lil: und eusy operation el lheivulre lhereon in lh)y :innulur Shure or well hel1\'.'een the met und lhe ehosl. The hose olf lzhe engine heud ir; provided willi u :sun-ies`v o eireulur openings (SO, eueh of whieh lire` :lhr urouud lhe, elrliudrieul. eeuu he lu heine; prelieruhlv u, eleel euifling :nul l upon the hriuis (Sil olt lho eyliiulrieul el liv l Q5. Qlh 2ST und 25%. ll will be neen lhfil liiruiugl' the serew dern iulo ho 'lilirezuled neel: l3-l ezieh seul muy be drown up lfiifhlly inl'o lhe eounl ersink or recess (32, [hun marking requiera u vuleifliglit joint. The inside of the chest i251' le reuulilrv und ehnrply ground to fit the ground exterior of the volvi; und the oop nfl lun: :i iowuwurdly-projeel'ing annular 'lluuge Gl', which lille within 'the chest 2V und oleo has :i eenl'rul downwardly-exteudingy lleuge 68, whieh fits lightly upon the warrior olf the neel; (il, whereby the cylindrieul sent i5 ueeuruliely lotetefl centally within lille 'ulre ehesl` 25, und un accurate und ecisy lili is assured oil? lhe exleriorly und .iaueriorljir grrouud 7ulve lo both the vulve .f-'eulz und lle ehetal, uli relatively low expense, while purls ure olf' sin'lple eonsi'ruetion :1nd eze-ij; lo a, `nihle und nel; likelyv to gel; out of order.

'l`he cupe niej; be provided with. elezufuuee #lois Uil lor the wornnwheels lS; und the ehem" muilY :ilse he prmidi-xl with el iur: nee slolifi lll. 'Vl`he 'wornis muy be confined will iu uu oil-pun eoinprieing; u bottom 7l, :in oul'er side 7:2, un inner eide T3 and ends Tel; #he uil werk-iug- Al'roiu the pun down between the vulve und the chest :1nd under lhe botloin of Jdie vulve, und up between the vulve und lho emr, by ille :iid of channels (not shown) in The suliionury uienlbe lflie top ill* oi'i the ulre reels or lite upon illu lop lil" oi 'the seul-5 und the closed botou. Tl" olf lire vulve illu or resale upon the :muulur bolloin Ill-l ol the ehesi.

The engine huid muy he provided with u wuer-jueliel indieuied `generully us 75, and euiuprirliinlg welll-s lll? 'l'l und end. wells T8, l!)T loi-ming' u hof; enelossine l'he ,lower porfiom` oll llie ehesl'w: und inlogrul lherewilh, lhe riool' or pluie LH; l'oriuiugl the bolloiu ol" lhe wzilieujueltel; or luuk, und the suine l'ieiue' elrrsed by :i lop hl)q luixlui; un oulle Hl.; ihe ejliudrieul eheisle euleiulnlg` up be- .rond Suid lop lill, und he iuliolie inuuilfold 3-3 uleo preiferublyv (.i\\'erl \'ingl Suid top. Cool wulrr um); he introduced through like inlel'fv @"1 one Ylzor eueh puir ol. vulve cheers, :we iligrure l). The ehennel or ljulesuge 82 open#` inlo e. \\'ule/rp:ufuu igs -ll, deliveringl lhe wiuier lo :uljzieeul: ehesl'si, one oil? which is seen :il l lliure "i: die wuler enter-ini@` eueh ehest lhrougrh perlorulioue Si; :1nd llowine up iu u wegiueulul puilugre Iielween l'he inner und ouler "wolle 23A und Bil olf the enefslj und lilieuee llowiugr uerofis l'ho ehe-ft lhrough un annuler pueuugle fl', und lheneo down through :in o ipof-ule eegmeulzul pueuuge El? und out rhrriueh oullels Fill iulo iilie gfenorul` resermir llze heeled wuler rieing' to 'its oul'lel; ll. l`here muy lne uu inlel, H2 with :i pusf-ee'e e1., hu eueh puir olf eheelu. On lhe oppozile Sido ol.2 oueh eheul, iu u passage S9 lhrouggh u'hieh (he` wfiler efieupes from the oulel; Elli in lhe eheh-lu, 'The per'lo ,':itione1 52,4- und fll ure 'lornuul in u Shoulder portion n Eueh pue will ol ille hesse ol lhe Seal o2.

surfe #lil io enelosed by .f1 well El() eonneetuig lhe el1ef-s :1nd u lo) 911. extenduw between Alao that water cannot iiow across the seat exceptat the upper portion thereof.l Partition 91b extends from the bottom up to port 44, and 91C extends from the top of 44 up to port 43. n

'lo prevent leakage of water upwardly around the valve seat, there may be employed a packing ring 92, placed upon the edge 93 of shoulder 88n and a step or countersink 94 formed in the bottoni ofthe engine head. The height of said shoulder 88au may be sufiicient to accommodate the water inlet and outlet perforations 84, 88. The annular water chamber 86inay surround a cylindrical integral housing 95 for a spark-plug 96, said housing opening at its bottom into the explosion chamber 52 and being closed at its top by the head 97 of the spark-plug, the latter being inserted down through the hollow tie-bolt or screw 63, and preferably having a stein 98 extending above the scr-ewv 63 for convenience in attaching a leading wire thereto; the head 9? ofthe 'spark-plug bearing down upon the bottom or floor 99 of the neck 64. Said housing 95'may extend up from the top 99 of the 'explosion chainber 52. i y. .l

Below the intake 55 is preferably yplaced a baille 100 in the nature of a step or plate extending horizontally to thevtop of the inlet port 58, see Figures 3 and 5, to increase the circulation of the charge in the chamber,

so that such Vgas as passes in through they port 58 will bel warmer lthan if passing .directly from 55 through 58 into explosion chamber 52.

Variations may be resorted to within the' scope of the invention, and portions of the iinirovements may be used without others. Having thus described my invention, I claim: l

l. An engine valve in the form of a hollow-walled revolving ported shell, its porting including opposed exhaust orifices, each extending entirely through the hollow wall,

and also including an intake portin adifferent Zone from the exhaust ports to supply fluid fuel to the space within the hollow wall, said porting also including inlet ports in the interior wall and communicating with the engine cylinder. n

2. A rotary valve having exhaust ports in one Zone and having an. inlet portin another Zone, said inlet port opening into the engine cylinder in the same Zone as thel exhaust ports, and means for revolving said valve, each of the exhaust and inlet ports opening only once'in each revolution k3. Arotary valve having exhaust ports in one Zone and having an inlet port in another zone, saidinlet port opening into the engine cylinder' kin the same zone as the exhaust ports, means for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the enginecrank-shaft, each Yof the exhaust and inlet ports opening only once in each revolution, and a seat for said valve, said seat having pressure-balanced opposing ports, and the ports in said valve having a corresponding arrangement.

4. A rotary valve having exhaust ports in one zone and having an inlet port in another zone, said inlet port opening into the engine cylinder in the same zone as the exhaust ports, inea-ns for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the engine-crankshaft, eacli of the exhaust and inlet ports .opening only once iny each revolution, and

a seat for said valve, the ports in said seat being diametrically opposed, and comprising' a full exhaust port on one side of the seat and half-sized exhaust ports on the opposite side of the seat, one above and the other below the full exhaust port, and the ports iii said valve having a corresponding arrangement. V

' 5. A rotary valve having exhaust ports in one zone and having an inlet port in another zone, said inlet port opening into the engine cylinder in the same Zone as the exhaust ports, means for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the engine-crankshaft, each ofthe exhaust and inlet ports opening only once in each revolution, a seat for said valve, theports in said seat being diainet-rically opposed, and comprising a full exhaust port on one side of the seat and half-sized exhaust ports onthe opposite side ofthe seat, one above and the other below the full exhaust port, and the ports in said valve having a corresponding arrangement, and a chest within which said vv'alve rotates, said chest having correspondving opposed ports, so that the exhaust ports 6. rlhe combinationof a rotary valve having opposed ports,`means for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the enginecrank-shaft, said ports including fractional ports in different zones and an internal staticnary valve seat havingports in its opposite sides with a corresponding .arrangement, whereby pressure is' balanced upon the valve and the exhaust ports only once in each revolution.

7. The combination of a rotary valve having opposed ports, means for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the enginecrank-shaft, said ports including fractional ports in differentvzones, an internal stationary valve seat having ports in its opposite sides with a corresponding arrangement, whereby Vpressure is balanced upon the valve and the exhaust ports are open only once in are open' alternate opening and skipping ot' the seaty ports is secured, said valve having a corresponding set ot inlet ports to cooperate with said seat ports in a like manner, and Said valve also having an exterior intake port in a diiierentvzone from the seat ports, but communicating with the interior inlet ports.

18. An engine comprising a seat, a chest and a one-piece rotary valve fitted between the seat and the chest, the seat having opposed ports common to the exhaust and inlet, the chest having corresponding ports, the valve having exhaust and inlet ports opening into said seat ports, the seat ports being opposed and securing pressure-balance upon the valve, and comprising traction-al ports, the ports at one side of `the seat being at different elevations from that at the other side, and the lporting in the valve and the chest corresponding, the valve alternately opening and skipping the ports in the seat and chest. n

19. An engine comprising a seat, a chest and a one-piece rotary valve iitted between the seat and the chest, the seat having opposed ports common to the exhaust and inl-et, the chest having corresponding ports, the valve having exhaust and inlet ports opening into said seat ports, the seat ports being opposed and securing pressure-balance upon the valve, and comprising tractional ports, the porting at one side ot theseat being at different elevations from that at the other side, and the porting 1n tne valve and the chest corresponding, the valve alternately opening and skipping the `ports f in the seat and chest, and having correspondingly placed inlet ports to cooperate with the saine ports in the seat, and the chest having at a different elevation an intake port, and the valve having an exterior intake port to correspond; said valve intake port communicating with said interior inlet ports.

20. An engine provided with an attached valve seat and an integral valve chest surrounding the seat, said seat havin@V a head and said engine having` a bottom` provided with an opening'- in which the valve seat is itted, means for fastening the head of said seat up against said bottom, said fastening means comprising a cap tor theupper ,end

chamber.

of said chest, and a nut or bolt threaded into said valve seat to draw it upwardly, said nut having a head bearing down upon said cap.

2l. An engine provided with an `att-ached valve seat and an integral valve chest surrounding the seat, said seat having a head and said engine having a bottom provided with an opening in which the valve seat is fitted, means for fastening the head of said seat up against said bottom, said fastening means comprising a cap 'for the upper end ol'i said chest, and a nut orvbolt threaded into said valve seatrto draw it upwardly, said nut having a head bearing down upon said cap, and said cap having a periphery litting a periphery of the chest, and another periphery litting a periphery ot the valve seat to locate the latter.

22.`An engine provided with ,an attached valve seat and an integral valve chest surrounding -the seat, said seat having ahead and said engine having abottom'provided with an opening in which the valve seat is tted, means tor fastening the head of said seatup against said bottom, said fastening means comprising a cap tor the upper endl ot said chest, and a nut or bolt threaded into said valve seat to draw it upwardly, said nut having a head bearing down upon said cap, the valve having a gear above said chest and below said cap, and means extending within the chest tooperate the gear.

.23. An engine provided with an attached valve seat and an integral valve chest sur-' rounding the seat, said seat having a headl and said engine. having a bottom provided with an opening in which the valve seat is litted, means Jfor fastening the head ot said seat up against said bottom, said 'fastening means comprising av cap tor the upper end of said chest, and a nut or bolt threaded Vintosaid valve seatY to draw it upwardly,

said nut having a head hearing down upon said cap, saidvalve seathaving ahollow wall forming a chamber tor cooling fluid, and meansto circulate the fluid through said An engine provided with an attached valve seat and an integral valve chest surrounding the seat, said seat having a head and said engine provided with a bottom having an opening in which the valve seat is fitted, and means for fastening the head of.

said seat up against said bottom, said valve seat having a hollow wall forming a chamber tor cooling iiuid, and means to circulate the fluid up and down through said chamber, Vsaid engine having a water com` partment and said seat having ports opening into said water compartment, said ports being on `opposite sides ot the seat, and the ports on one side communicating through the sides and upper portion ot the valve seat with the ports on the other side, said valve ing,`respectively, above and below-the .fullsized port, said valve havingcorresponding exhaustfports, said'ports opening only once in each revolutionjof the valve-said valvev securing the seats and 'lor locating them accurate-ly relatively'to the chests, valves revolving between the seats' and the chests, means for revolving the valves, eachV valve comprising outer and innercy-lindrical walls ,fitting closely within the chests and upon the seat', said seat of cylindricallorm and comprising outer Yand inner walls forming a water-course, each chest 'and seat provided on one side with a full-sized exhaust port, respectively, and. upon the other side with upper and lower halt ports for exhaust to balance the pressure, said half ports being, respectively,above and. below the full-sized port, said valve having corresponding exhaust ports, said ports opening'v only once in each revolutionot the valve, said valve having opposite inlet portsV to co-operate in like manner with saidseat ports, and means to supply fluid charges to the inlet ports in said valve. e V- i 33. rllhe combination with an engine havinga series .of valve chests, attached valve seats extending within Vsaid A chests, means for securinQ` the seats and for locatin them accurately relatively to the chests-valves revolving between thev seats and the chests, means for revolving' the valves, each valve comprising outerand inner cylindrical walls fitting close y within the chests and upon the y seat, `said seat of cylindrical Jform and comprising outer and kinner walls 'forming a water-course, each chest and seat provided Y on one side withf'a vlull-sized exhaust port,

respectively, and upon the other side with upper and lower halt ports for exhaust to balance the' pressure, said half ports being, respectively, above and below the full-sized port, said valve having correspondingexhaust ports, said ports opening only once in in each revolution of the va'lve, said valve having` opposite inlet ports to .co-operate in like manner .with said seat ports, and means to supply fluid charges to. the inlet ports inY said valve, comprising an intakeport in said chest at a differenty elevation from the ports in said seat, and also comprising an exterior port in the valve.`

34C. The combination with an engine having a series of valve chests, attached valve seats extending within said chests, means for securing the seats and for locating them accurately relatively to the chests, valves .re-

volving between the seats and the chests,l

means for revolving the valves, each valve comprising outer kand inner cylindrical walls fitting closely within the chests and upon the sea-t, said seat of cylindrical form and comprising outer and inner `walls forming Va water-course, each chestV andseatprovided on oneside with a full-sized exhaust port, r -f,-'-:pective'ly, and uponthe other side with upper and. lower half portsfor exhaust to Y balancethe pressure, said halt' ports being, respectively, above and below the full-sized port, said valve having corresponding exhaust ports, said` ports opening only once in each Vrevolution ofthe valve, said valve-having opposite inlet ports to co-operate in like manner with saidseat ports, and means to supply 'iuid charges' Vto the inlet ports Vin said valve, comprising an intake portinsaid f chest at a different elevation from the ports in said seat, and also comprising an exterior port in the valve, said exterior intake port in communication .with all ofV the interior inlet ports.`

An engine having abase portion provided with a series ot' ycircular openings, cylindrical valve seats having bottoiniianges or heads and iitted in said openings and lex-` tended up from said base, said seats having hollow necks at their upper ends and having hollow screws threaded down into said necks, valve chests extending up from saidv base and integral ftherewith, caps fitting uponl saidy chests and supporting said nuts, whereby the seats are-drawmn up 4and secured to said base, means being provided for centering the upper ends ot the seats within the chests, valve-s fitted :between the seats and the chests, and valve-rotating means.

36. A detachable engine head having a base provided with a series of circular openings, cylindrical valve seats having bottoni -[langes or heads and fitted in said openings and extended up from said base said seats lia-ving hollow necks at their upper ends and having hollow screws threaded down into said necks, va-lv-e chests extending up from said base and integral therewith. caps litting upon said chests and supporting sai-fl nuts, whereby the seats are drawn up and secured to said base, mea-ns being provided for centering the upper ends of the seats within the chests, valves fitted between theseats and the-chests, valve-'rotating means, saidnuts being hollow, and spark-plugs inserted in said necks and having communications extending up through said nuts.

37. An engine-head comprising a seat, a chest and a one-piece rotary valve litted between theseat andthe chest, the seat having opposed ports common to the exhaust and inlet, kthe chest having corresponding ports, the valve having exhaust and inlet ports opening into said seat ports, the seat ports being opposed and securing pressurebalance upon the valve, and comprising tractional ports, the porting at one side of the seat being at different elevations Jfrom that :it tho othoi` oido. und the poi-ting in tho failvo anni thc chest coiltsponting, thc vnivc altern-utili); opening und shipping' thx ports in tho sont und choiet, und hnving coii'cfspondingly placent iniot poi'tn to co-opcrnto n'ith the saune ports in thc` Sont, und the chcst hnvng; nt, :i dittol'ont ohwzttion :in intake port, :uni the 'nivo having nn cxtci'im intuito notti to coii'ospond. said vulve intnk" notti comninni 'nti o; with sont intclioc inlet poitn, n battito boing pi'mfidod hclon' anni oxtoi'ior intake nott in said hoiiow who.

3S. EL detachable onfgino hond costing; inclndinflj :1 innin mitm* conpnitnicnt` :i con' of chcits within Suid connmrtnnnt. Suid hczni also including n conipzntlnont @monding cn. tiiniji' ncioSs tho Fisting zit ono` end otf the Tow olf choc n und sorting :15 :in intatto ninnifotti Suid hond :tifo hnvnp; :1 coinnm'tnmnt Forming :i box, minis in .Quint cinwtw :intl @monding into :1nd through sind nniniolti, und Avnlvcffhiong 51cm- 1 in Szihi gonhox.

23E). In :t conlhnstion onjgjitn, :i Vrlvo hlovh' t'ompi'ising a bot/toni` n serios ot miv@ suit; imm-(zati np throngh sont hottoni anni iotm'y miren fitted upon .Quid scato @sich ot' Smid Smits boing; hntt-cwhd nt its hottoni to 'ioiin :i Shonichm and nicflnn 'for tno-toning thcv sahonldolo np against thc bottoni ot' th:x

silvo block.

L10. In n combustion engine, n Ynw htock Connnf-'ing n bottoni, f1 Sol'ios oit mit omit@ innoctod np tht'onfi'h .Quid bottoni and rotoli? vrilvos fitted upon said scato. cach of .mid Sants boingT hnttndcd nt its hottonl to 'torni :i shouldnt. moon?y tot' fastening* tho Shonitioi's np against the bottoni of tht` vnvo Mock, :mit

Chests enclosing said vziivcs and oxtcnciing np from the bottoni of tho bock, Suid chesti boing oxtoi'ioifly mitoirjochototl and Said smits, boing intotioily *ntor-jzif-lntoth tho hottonl of said block having' nntoif-Spocon in coinnnlniootion with Snid chcnts und ,Limiti valve-jackets. 451. In n combustion ongyino, n Vnh'o Noch con'lpi'ising :1 hottoln, n ,Hoi-ics of vulve smits; inoottod np through sind bottoni, und i'otni'j.' vulves fitted upon Suid seats, onoh o" smid sont@ lining lintt-cmiod :it its bottom to tonni o Shonidol', the has@ of tho vulve block boing; tiniohod on its nndoi sido, and catch sont with its shoulder being' sclizn'zltoly und dntnchnhiy 'lzwtcnod np Aiming-t` smid inishod hose. 42. In n con'1l ns tio11, ongfjinn :1V hiock inw ing' zt row of ominc cylinders und :L ron ot volvo ohcst@ odjncontz to tho cvlindoio nach chowt havingn bonn :unl fnh'cis involving! Within Suid-ciicSt mit! Mock hnv'rlfj mit@ soute: within Suid volvio: cach sczit :itktnnhwt :1t itn howl' cdgrc to thc hiock. 43. In :i conihnstionCugino, f1 block hm'- ingf :1 row ot engine cylinders :1nd n ron' o mit@ chosto adjacent to the oyinciom, och chcst hmin; :i hoi-c, :uni vfihi'n-n l'ovz'ihl'inff within sont clients, miti Mock having' mi@ Seats Within sont vnlvusj mnh Sont :ittnchcf :it its lowci.' cdgo to the block` snit! Noch honig glonmziiljf mitonjnckctozi n i'onnd tho cngine oylinthzrs and tho vnivo chofstn sind thv .fronts having` Wntonpossngcs communicatino with said gcnoial watonjnckotinfr. sont nntcr-lmssngo extending "from tho bottoni to tho top ot' each 'nivo sont.

BURNHAM STIICKNICY. 

